The team called them “picoflare jets,” because they contain around one-trillionth the energy of what the largest solar flares can generate. These picoflare jets measure a few hundred kilometers in length, reach speeds of around 100 kilometers per second and only last between 20 and 100 seconds. Still, the researchers believe they have the power to emit enough high-temperature plasma to be considered a substantial source of our system’s solar winds. While Coronal holes have long been known as source regions for the phenomenon, scientists are still trying to figure out the mechanism of how plasma streams emerge from them exactly. This discovery could finally be the answer they’d been seeking for years.

Lakshmi Pradeep Chitta, the study’s primary author from the Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research, told Space: “The picoflare jets that we observed are the smallest, and energetically the weakest, type of jets in the solar corona that were not observed before…Still, the energy content of a single picoflare jet that lives for about 1 minute is equal to the average power consumed by about 10,000 households in the UK over an entire year.”

Chitta’s team will continue monitoring coronal holes and other potential sources of solar winds using the Solar Orbiter going forward. In addition to gathering data that may finally give us answers about the plasma flows responsible for producing auroras here on our planet, their observations could also shed light on why the sun’s corona or atmosphere is much, much hotter than its surface.

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The first image (above) was taken with the NIRCam (Near InfraRed Camera), one of the Webb Space Telescope’s primary sensors. It is designed to detect light in the near-infrared spectrum and can capture remarkably detailed images. NIRCam also took the equally hypnotizing updated image of the Pillars of Creation.

Meanwhile, the second image (below) was captured using the JWST’s MIRI (Mid-InfraRed Instrument). It better highlights the nebula’s (roughly) ten concentric arcs beyond its outer edge, likely formed from its central star’s interaction with a lower-mass companion in its orbit. “In this way, nebulae like the Ring Nebula reveal a kind of astronomical archaeology, as astronomers study the nebula to learn about the star that created it,” the European Space Agency wrote in a press release.

The Ring Nebula was discovered somewhat serendipitously in 1779 by French astronomers Charles Messier and Antoine Darquier de Pellepoix while they searched for comets. It’s a planetary nebula, named as such because early researchers mistook their appearances for distant worlds. The Ring Nebula formed from a medium-sized star that shed its outer layers as it exhausted its fuel and approached its demise.

“The colourful main ring is composed of gas thrown off by a dying star at the centre of the nebula,” the ESA wrote. “This star is on its way to becoming a white dwarf — a very small, dense, and hot body that is the final evolutionary stage for a star like the Sun.”

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E3's troubles have been well documented in recent years, with the pandemic arguably exacerbating the video game expo's demise. There hadn't been an in-person E3 since 2019. The 2021 edition took place virtually, but the ESA canned the 2020, 2022 and 2023 events entirely.

The ESA told its members this spring that after major names pulled out of this year's planned E3, the event "simply did not garner the sustained interest necessary to execute it in a way that would showcase the size, strength and impact our industry." ReedPop, the organizer of PAX and New York Comic Con, was set to run E3 2023 before the event was canned.

“We know the entire industry, players and creators alike have a lot of passion for E3. We share that passion,” ESA president and CEO Stanley Pierre-Louis told The Washington Post. “We know it’s difficult to say goodbye to such a beloved event, but it’s the right thing to do given the new opportunities our industry has to reach fans and partners.”

In truth, the writing was on the wall before any of us had heard of COVID-19. Sony, the biggest publisher in the industry, opted not to take part in the 2019 edition. EA declined to hold an E3 press conference that year too, instead choosing to run its own EA Play showcase a few days before the industry event.

Many publishers no longer need an E3 to show off their upcoming slate of games. It used to be the case that they needed to strike deals with retailers to secure shelf space for their games and hardware ahead of the holiday season, and those agreements were often struck at E3. But the industry has changed significantly in recent years. While a ton of big games arrived this past October, publishers now release major titles throughout the year (in large part to help them meet quarterly revenue targets). Others focus on supporting long-term live-service games that aren't beholden to any release calendar. Digital game sales also mean that publishers and platform holders don't have to worry as much about partnerships with retailers.

Another key reason for E3's demise is that publishers can now show off their games to fans directly at any time and without having to struggle for attention against competitors at a trade show. The likes of Nintendo and Sony command the attention of hundreds of thousands of fans whenever they hold a Nintendo Direct or State of Play. There are so many ways for major publishers to get out the word about their games that E3 is no longer necessary in that regard. Skipping E3 also meant that publishers don't have to deal with the costs of attending a trade show or meeting another entity's deadlines for having demos or trailers ready.

On the other hand, the death of E3 could hurt independent studios that rely on trade shows to show off their games to publishers in the hopes of securing distribution and/or funding deals. It may also harm smaller publishers that have to compete with the giants for attention.

While E3 may be gone, gaming events aren't going away. Gamescom, for instance, is far larger than E3 in terms of attendance and other factors.

Summer Game Fest, a sort-of E3 replacement that The Game Awards producer and host Geoff Keighley started in 2020, expanded last year to include a physical event for the first time. Some major publishers — such as Capcom, Ubisoft and Xbox — held games showcases in association with Summer Game Fest this year. The event will return for its fifth edition in 2024. You can probably still expect many publishers to still be holding showcases in May and June, despite the death of E3.

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